A petroleum refinery is a set of installations intended to transform crude oil, generally unusable as such, into petroleum products: motor gasoline, jet fuel, diesel fuel, fuel oil, lubricants, liquefied petroleum gases, naphtha, and so on. The products consumed in largest volumes are motor gasoline, motor diesel, and heavy fuel oil.
Why do small refineries exist?
Only geographical reasons (proximity to crude oil, e.g., in the United States; proximity to isolated markets, e.g., in Africa) can justify the existence of small refineries. The degree of complexity of a refinery naturally increases the cost of processing a ton of crude oil. This is mainly due to higher cost of capital and maintenance.
How is crude coconut oil refined?
J Food Sci Technol. 2019 Jun; 56 (6): 3109¨C3116. Refinement is usually used to remove undesired components to improve coconut oil quality. In the present study, crude coconut oil (CCO) was refined in four stages: conventional degumming, neutralization, bleaching, and deodorization.
What is deodorization in edible oil refining?
In current edible oil refining, deodorization is also the process in which free (nonesterifed) fatty acids (in the case of physical refining) and volatile contaminants are stripped and unwanted color pigments are degraded (heat bleaching).
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