But the majority of refineries in operation is largely amortized and therefore operates with lower refining costs, in the order of $3 to $5 per barrel of crude oil processed. As we have seen, fixed costs (personnel, maintenance, and overheads) and capital costs represent the bulk of the total cost of processing crude oil.
How can refining improve the economic situation?
A number of factors improve the economic situation of refining: Very significant productivity progress has been made in terms of costs: a few years ago, a large French company announced that it would lower its refining ¡°break-even point¡± by around $1 per ton of crude oil processed per year.
What is a petroleum refinery?
A petroleum refinery is a set of installations intended to transform crude oil, generally unusable as such, into petroleum products: motor gasoline, jet fuel, diesel fuel, fuel oil, lubricants, liquefied petroleum gases, naphtha, and so on. The products consumed in largest volumes are motor gasoline, motor diesel, and heavy fuel oil.
What is vegetable oil refining?
As vegetable oil is an important component of the human diet, the source and the processing play an important role in consumer acceptability. To remove impurities that affect the color, palatability, stability, and safety of oil, crude vegetable oil must be refined. This review highlights the processes and steps used in vegetable oil refining.
