What percentage of global oil refining emissions are from the top 20?
GHG emissions from the top 20 countries have become a growing proportion of the total such emissions from the global oil refining sector, accounting for 83.9% of the total in 2021, compared with 79.5% in 2000. The carbon intensity of the top 20 countries is 59.0 kg/bbl, much higher than the world average of 56.2 kg/bbl.
Why is sludge treatment important?
Listen Global warming ¨C mainly caused by carbon emissions ¨C is a major global challenge for human sustainable development. Carbon emission reduction and resource recovery from sludge treatment are critical to the carbon neutralisation of future wastewater treatment plants.
What percentage of crude oil is refining?
They represent 56% of the world¡¯s total volume of crude oil refined and refining emissions in the baseline case. Their volume-weighted-average refining CI and energy use are 40.6kgCO 2 ebbl 1 and 605MJbbl 1, which are close to the global average 40.7kgCO 2 ebbl 1 and 606MJbbl 1 (343 crude oils), respectively.
How are sludge treatment and disposal processes selected?
Sludge treatment and disposal processes have conventionally been chosen on the basis of their technical and financial feasibility (Yang et al.2015). With the future goals of carbon peak and carbon neutralisation, carbon emission will become an important indicator in selecting sludge treatment and disposal process routes.